<)r 


RENEWING  THE  AIR 


IN  BUILDINGS,  SHIPS,  ETC. 


PATENT  OF  JAN.  10,  1865, 

TWO  PATENTS  OF  AUG.  15,  1865, 
TWO  PATENTS  OF  FEB.  13,  1866, 
AND  ONE  PATENT  OF  MARCH  27,  1866 

rr?/.  y 

f  F  V.  Z 

t  I 


B.  J.  BURNETT, 

MOUNT  VERNON,  N.  Y.  fry- 


9 


NEW  YORK : 

MACDONALD  &  SWANK,  PRINTERS,  37  PARK  ROW, 
1866. 


VENTILATION  ! 


TTTE  UNDERSIGNED  is  now  PREPARED  to  furnish 
and  apply  any  of  the  several  devices,  in  his  system  of 

renewing,  or  exchanging  i lie  impure  air 
for  pure,  in  all  hinds  of  buildings,  shops, 
or  ships .  all  upper  apartments  and  the 
lofts  under  me  roof,  m*y,  by  tills  system  of 
ventilation,  be  rendered  cool  and  healthy,  at  a 

I  TRIFLING  EXPENSE. 

It  is  also  peculiarly  adaptedjto  exchange  the  air  in  the  vti 
hall-ways  of  all  dwellings,  by  being  placed  in  the  roof  over  * 
the  stair-way  :  serving- the  double  purpose  of  Ventilator  ; 
and  Sky-Light. 

■^irhe  moat  important- improvement  yet  made  m  ventilat¬ 
ing,  is  i  v 

BURNETT’S  COMBINATION  VENTILATOR, 
by  means  Of  which,  the  air  in  each  and  every  apartments, 

.in  the  house  may  be  constantly  exchanged,  he  the  apart¬ 
ments  closed  or  otherwise. 

A  large  working  model  (in  operation)  may  be  seen  at 
THE  NOVELTY- IRON  WORKS,  which  will  demonstrate 
how  the  above  is  accomplished. :  4  * 

B.  J.  BURNETT, 


Novelty  Iron  Works, 

Foot  of  12th  Street,  East  River,  NEW  YORK* 


-  ii  (:/ 


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3 


Mir)  UlcL 


BURNETT’S  HORIZONTAL  VENTILATOR, 


Nl 


£ 

y 

x 

Ns 

$ 

Y 

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rT 


This  style  of  Ventilator  is  adapted  to  side  walls  of  buildings,  to 
ventilate  apartments  of  any  size  through  the  same. 

Its  adaptation  to  all  sleeping  apartments  must  be  experienced  before 
it  can  be  fully  appreciated. 

All  state-rooms  above  the  main  deck  of  steamers  and  other  vessels 
may  be  rendered  healthy  and  comfortable  by  inserting  this  kind  of 
Ventilator,  only  being  mindful  that  the  area  of  the  room  and  number 
of  inmates  must  regulate  the  size  and  number  of  Ventilators  to  be  used 
for  ventilating  the  same. 

Its  mode  of  operation  is  :  The  top  and  bottom  air-boxes  are  not  much 
affected  by  side  currents  of  out-door  air,  but  the  side  air-boxes  are 
principally  controlled  by  them ;  in  this  way  the  air  flows  in  on  the 
windward  side,  which  increases  the  pressure  of  air  in  the  room  ;  at  the 
same  time  the  wind,  in  passing  over  the  outside  end  of  the  Ventilator, 
tends  to  a  partial  vacuum,  and  assists  to  accelerate  the  outward  motion 
of  the  warm,  impure  air  from  within,  through  the  leeward  side  of  the 
Ventilator. 

But  the  top  and  bottom  air-boxes  are  mainly  controlled  by  the 
difference  in  the  temperature  of  air  out-door  and  inside  the  room,  and 
again,  by  the  difference  of  temperature  there  is  in  the  air  at  the  top 
and  bottom  of  the  Ventilator  in  the  room.  That  is,  the  warm,  impure 
air  rises  to  the  top  of  the  room,  and  flows  out  at  the  top  air-box  of  the 
Ventilator  as  fast  as  the  heavier  cool  air  flows  in  through  the  bottom 
air-box  of  the  Ventilator. 

In  order  to  guard  against  injurious  currents  of  cold  air  in  the  room, 
each  Ventilator  is  furnished  with  a  distributing  hood,  which  is  per¬ 
forated  with  small  holes,  so  as  to  break  the  inward  current  of  cold 
air  into  small  streams,  and  so  present  a  greater  surface  of  cold  air  to 
the  heated,  impure  air  in  the  room,  that  the  diffusion  of  gases  may  be 
more  rapid,  and  thereby  destroy  all  currents  of  cold  air  in  the  room. 


960 ! 25 


4 


It  is  often  asserted  that  the  impure  air  falls  and  rests  on  the  floor 
of  the  apartment.  This  is  so,  but  only  under  the  following  circum¬ 
stances  :  Where  one  hundred  persons  are  shut  up  in  a  room  twenty 
feet  square  for  five  or  six  hours,  without  any  mode  of  supplying  them 
with  pure  air ;  and  as  it  is  estimated  that  each  child  respires  and  ex¬ 
hausts  not  less  than  thirty-five  cubic  feet  of  pure  carbonic-acid  gas 


each  hour,  under  such  and  similar  circumstances  the  excess  of  this 
poisonous  gas  over  pure  atmospheric  air  must  fall  to  the  floor ;  but 
this  can  never  occur  where  there  is  a  sufficient  supply  of  oxygen 
present. 


BURNETT’S  PATENT  SIDE-LIGHT  VENTILATOR  FOR  SHIPS. 


This  Ventilator  is  constructed  for  the  following  purpose,  viz. : 

That  where  side-light  openings  are  necessarily  cut  through  the 
hull  of  a  ship  for  the  admission  of  light  to  state-rooms,  pantries,  etc., 
the  openings  may  be  made  to  serve  the  double  purpose  of  ventilation 
as  well  as  light,  and  at  the  same  time  form  a  safe  and  tight  shutter 
when  closed  against  the  pressure  of  water  outside. 


It  will  be  seen  that  the  bearings  of  the  wings  in  each  angle  work 
on  finished  surfaces,  which  will  not  admit  of  any  fore-and-aft  or  vei- 
tical  motion. 

The  outboard  and  inboard  motions  are  controlled  by  a  strong  screw, 
working  through  the  hub  of  the  cast  wings,  and  resting  in  a  bearing 
formed  in  the  cross-bar  inboard  of  the  opening.  This  serew  may,  and 
should,  have  a  quick  thread,  to  give  a  rapid  motion  outboard  and  in¬ 


board  to  the  wing-light  deflector. 

The  operation  is  as  follows :  When  the  wind  is  directly  against 
the  side  of  the  vessel  the  air  will  pass  in  through  all  of  the  openings, 
if  the  state-room  doors  are  open,  or  if  there  be  any  other  openings  for 
the  egress  of  the  incoming  current  of  air.  If  not,  and  the  apartment 
is  a  closed  one,  then  the  air  will  flow  in  through  three  sides  of  the 
1* 


6 


Yentilator,  displacing  the  warm  and  impure  air,  forcing  it  out  through 
the  top  opening  of  the  Yentilator.  And  when  the  wind  is  forward 
or  aft  a  current  of  pure  air  flows  in  the  windward  side  of  the  Yentila¬ 
tor,  and  the  impure  air  out  of  the  top  and  leeward  side  of  the  same. 

But  when  there  is  a  perfect  calm,  and  the  temperature  inside  is 
higher  than  that  of  the  outside  air,  there  will  be  a  constant  flowing  in 
through  the  bottom  air-duct  of  cool  air,  and  a  corresponding  outward 
motion  of  warm  air  through  the  top.  This  is  invariably  so. 

We  are  dwelling  at  the  bottom  of  an  immense  ocean  of  air,  which  presses 
upon  all  sides  of  us  with  the  weight  of  tons.  It  accompanies  us  into  all 
places,  unless,  by  special  arrangements,  we  contrive  to  bar  it  out.  After  all 
that  the  infinitely  wise  Creator  has  done  to  supply  us  with  this  first  and  high¬ 
est  of  earthly  necessities,  we  ungratefully  refuse  to  admit  it  into  our  dwell¬ 
ings,  stores  or  workshops,  but  choose,  rather,  to  cut  ourselves  off  from  the 
beneficent  and  all-invigorating  atmosphere,  by  retiring  into  air-tight  apart¬ 
ments,  and  using  the  same  gases  over  and  over  again,  as  if  they  were  a  taxed 
commodity,  and  we  all  misers.  It  is  because  the  air  is  so  abundant  and  all- 
pervading,  and  therefore  costs  no  exertion  to  obtain  it,  and  also  because  it  is 
an  invisible  and  ethereal  medium,  and  therefore  not  fitted  to  strike  the  senses 
like  most  other  forms  of  matter,  that  its  relations  to  animal  life  have  been  so 
recently  determined,  and  that  so  little  attention  is  generally  paid  to  a  copious 
and  healthful  supply  of  it  in  the  arrangements  of  our  buildings. 

The  need  of  ventilating,  renewing  or  exchanging  the  air  in  any  and  all 
apartments  where  people  live,  is  no  longer  questioned  by  those  who  choose  to 
examihe  and  think  upon  this  important  subject,  and  all  such  admit  that  the 
subject  of  a  perfect  system  of  ventilation  is  one  of  the  most  important  ques¬ 
tions  of  this  day.  The  undersigned,  with  others,  believing  that  his  system 
will  meet  every  requirement  in  that  direction,  takes  this  as  one  of  the  modes 
of  bringing  it  before  the  public.  This  system  consists  of  various  devices  of 
applying  his  plan  of  renewing  the  air  in  apartments,  which  seems  to  meet  all 
and  every  case  that  is  likely  to  arise,  either  in  dwelling  houses,  shops  or 
ships,  &c. 


7 


ROOF  AND  ATTIO  VENTILATOR, 


The  top  story  or  attic  rooms  of  all  dwelling  houses  are  rendered  almost 
useless  during  the  summer  months  from  the  action  of  the  sun  upon  the  roof, 
heating  the  confined  air  in  the  cock-loft  or  space  between  the  roof  and  ceil¬ 
ing  of  the  rooms  to  such  a  high  temperature  as  to  produce  the  above  result. 
These  rooms  may  not  only  be  kept  at  about  the  same  temperature  as  those 
below  during  the  heat  of  summer,  but  may  be  rendered  healthy  and  sweet 
both  winter  and  summer  by  a  constant  exchange  of  air  by  means  of  this  sys- 
tem  of  ventilation. 


The  ventilators  may  be  constructed  either  of  metal  or  wood,  highly  orna¬ 
mental  or  plain,  as  may  be  desired,  and  also  to  harmonize  with  the  architec¬ 
ture  of  the  building  if  required;  in  such  cases  they  add  much  to  the  beauty 
of  a  house  by  relieving  that  plainness  of  the  roof,  which  seems  to  be  desirable 
in  most  cases,  especially  those  in  the  country. 


DWELLING  HOUSE  VENTILATOR. 


For  a  dwelling,  five  or  six  air  shafts  are  required,  forming  a  circle  and 
extending  out  a  proper  distance  to  form  the  openings,  with  deflections,  etc., 
above  the  roof  of  the  building. 


The  five  or  six  air  ducts  or  shafts  pass  down  into  an  air-tight  pantry 
formed  for  the  purpose  in  the  garret,  about  four  feet  square  or  more,  and 
or  fourteen  feet  high  in  the  clear,  with  a  horizontal  division  or  false 
ceiling  about  or  ei^ht  feet  from  the  floor,  thus  dividing  the  pantry  into  two 
compartments  in  its  height.  The  upper  compartment  may  be  called  the  warm- 
air  chamber,  and  the  lower  one  the  cold-air  chamber  or  reservoir.  All  the  air 


ducts  end  about  three  inches  below  the  ceiling  of  -each  warm  air  chamber, 
and  in  order  to  conduct  a  descending  current  of  cold  air  through  the  warm 
air  chambers,  a  series  of  six  conical  shaped  rings  (which  act  as  tunnels  to  de¬ 
flect  the  descending  current  to  the  centre,  and  prevent  its  diffusing  with  the 
warm  air  in  passing  through  this  chamber  down  into  the  cold-air  reservoir  be¬ 
low)  are  placed  one  above  the  other  at  about  three  inches  apart,  and  sup¬ 
ported  in  their  position  by  being  connected  by  three  rods  or  strips  of  iron  on 

4  Act  S//l  t*  'Y/liQ 


'  i  t 


<*  f  U 


8 


the  outer-edge  at  equal  distances  apart,  which  rest  on  the  false  ceiling  that 
divides  the  warm  chamber  from  the  cold.  The  bottom  conical^pk^f  -  is  h&I* 
tached  to  a  short  piece  of  air  pipe  about  three  feet  h>Htgr^whieh  passgs  Jlowti 
through  the  fahsb  ceiling  the  cold  chamber-below. 

The  results  are,  that  By  ending  the  air  ducts  opposite  to  each  other,  when 
one  or  more  is  on  the  windward,  there  will  be  one  or  more  on  the  leeward ; 
in  either  case  there  will  be  a  descending  current  of  cold,  pure  air  down  the 
windward  air  shaft,  of  about  double  the  force  of  the  outdoor  movement  of 
air  (this  increased  force  in  the  descending  current  is  obtained  by  the  ar¬ 
rangement  of  deflectors  in  the  head  at  the  upper  end  of  the  air  shafts),  which 
passes  down  through  the  circular  conical  ggigs  or  deflectors  into  the  cold-air 
reservoir  and  from  thence  is  conducted  by  means  of  pipes  connected  to  or  at 
the  bottom  of  the  cold-air  reservoir,  and  passing  between  the  floor  and  ceiling  to 
be  delivered  into  the  apartments  below  through  ©of 'half  of  >An  ornamental 
centre  piece  constructed  for  the  purpose;  The  other  half  of  the  centre  piece 
will  be  required,  to  allow  the  warm,  impure  air  to  flow  through  and  pass  into 
a  corresponding  air  pipe,  which  is  brought  back  to  the  air  reservoir,  and 
passing  up  between  the  studs,  delivers  it  into  the  warm-air  chamber,  when  it 
will  pass  up  through  the  leeward  air  shaft  and  out  at  the  top.  The  necessity 
of  the  conical  rings  in  the  warm-air  chamber  is  now  easily  comprehended, 


when  we  see  that  the  draft  of  the  leeward  air  shafts  is  made  to  assist  the 
exit  of  the  warm,  impure  air  from  the  apartments  below. 

This  arrangement  of  the  deflecting  conical  rings  in  the  warm-air  chamber 
answers  three  purposes  First,  They  deflect  the  descending  current  of  cold 
air  to  the  centre  and  prevent  it  from  spreading.  Second,  They  prevent  the 
warm  air  from  diffusing  with  the  descending  cold  air.  Third,  The  principal 
cause  of  their  introduction  in  this  place  was,  that  as  each  air  shaft  became 
the  leeward  by  the  shifting  of  the  wrind,  that  whatever  force  there  should  be 
in  the  upward  draft,  it  should  be  employed  to  remove  the  impure  air  from 
the  apartment  belowr.  The  consequence  is,  that  we  have  a  constant  exchange 
of  pure  atmospheric  air  for  the  impure  air  in  each  apartment  in  any  and  all 
buildings  where  it  may  be  desirable  by  the  above-named  device. 

The  details  relating  to  the  mode  of  distributing  ffesli  air  into  the  apart¬ 
ments  from  the  cold-air  chamber,  and  also  the  arrangement  of  pipes  to  conduct 


the  impure  air  from  the  apartments  up  into  the  warm-air  chamber,  may  be 
changed  in  their  direction  and  finish  so  as  to  suit  the  taste  or  convenience 
of  all-only  being  careful  to  keep  up  the  proper  proportion  of  area  to  the 
area  of  the  shafts  in  the  ventilator.  In  the  construction  of  new  buildings, 


9 


where  all  necessary  pipes  can  be  inserted  as  the  building  progresses,  this  one 
set  of  chambers  at  the  top  of  the  house  will  answer  the  purpose  of  ventilat¬ 
ing  each  apartment,  if  care  be  taken  to  construct  and  keep  up  a  proper  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  whole  arrangement  for  ventilating ;  also,  all  angles  should  be 
avoided,  and  easements  substituted  where  the  direction  of  pipes  is  changed. 

The  chamber  should  extend  from  the  roof  downward  not  less  than  ~£&mr 
Jt&m  feet,  in  order  to  obtain  ample  height  in  the  cold-air  chamber,  so  as  to 
increase  the  pressure  downward  in  the  distributing  pipes  leading  from  the  cold- 
air  chamber  to  the  several  apartments  below  by  the  weight  of  cold  air  in  the 
chamber  above.  The  ventilator,  to  supply  this  chamber  with  cold  air,  should 
be  constructed  with  five  air  shafts,  or  more,  each  having  an  area  of  from  200 
to  500  inches,  as  the  area  to  be  ventilated  may  seem  to  demand.  The  warm- 
air  chamber,  with  the  conical  deflecting  &c.,  to  be  same  as  above 

specified. 

The  single  chambers  below  have  several  advantages  over  all  other  devices 
for  ventilating.  First,  the  room  to  be  occupied  is  less  valuable,  being  at  the 
top  of  the  house.  Lastly,  though  not  the  least,  it  is  less  expensive.  Arch¬ 
itects  and  builders  need  no  instructions  as  to  the  best  mode  of  placing  the 
pipes  in  walls  to  conduct  the  cold  air  down,  or  to  convey  the  impure  air  up 
into  the  warm-air  chamber  above  ;  the  necessities,  when  understood,  will  sug¬ 


gest  the  proper  way  and  means. 


VENTILATION. 


This  system  of  ventilation  is  adapted  to  Dwellings,  Churches,  Hos¬ 
pitals,  Theatres,'  Halls  and  Shops.  Also  to  Ships’  Holds,  Cabins,  State- 
Rooms,  or  any  place  requiring  ventilation ;  the  foul  air  is  taken  away 
and  fresh  air  introduced  without  creating  any  draft  or  annoyance  to 
any  one  from  a  current  of  air,  thereby  ensuring  health  and  comfort  to 
all  public  and  private  buildings. 

The  system  has  been  thoroughly  tested,  and  is  a  perfect  success ;  it 
is  not  only  theoretically  correct,  but  practically  so,  and  will  well  repay 
any  one  who  contemplates  any  new  building  to  call  and  examine  it. 
It  is  also  perfectly  applicable  to  old  buildings  or  ships. 

All  communications  on  the  subject  may  be  addressed  to  B.  J.  Burnet, 
Novelty  Iron  Works,  New  York,  or  Abner  Mills,  125  Avenue  D,  New 
York. 


10 


HAT  VENTILATOR. 

In  order  that  all  may  demonstrate  that  this  system  is  correct,  the 
Inventor  has,  by  a  neat  and  ornamental  device,  adapted  it  to  the  venti¬ 
lation  of  Hats,  and  feels  no  hesitation  in  asserting  (and  is  sustained  by 


the  highest  medical  authority)  that  all  who  wear  this  Ventilator  will 
not  only  have  a  pleasant  sensation  of  coolness  to  the  head,  but  ensure 
a  good  growth  to  the  hair. 

Principal  Depot  for  the  sale  of  Hat  Ventilators,  31  Beekman  Street, 
New  York. 


BURNETT’S  SYSTEM  OF  VENTILATION. 

Churches,  Large  Halls,  Banking  and  Assembly  Booms,  are  ventilated 
by  bringing  the  Air  Shafts  direct  (or  otherwise,  as  the  locality  may  de¬ 
mand)  from  the  roof  through  the  ceiling  into  the  diffusing  hood,  which 
delivers  the  air  through  its  perforated  sides  in  streams,  by  which  means 
all  currents  are  avoided. 

This  system  may  be  seen  in  operation  in  Messrs.  Brown  Brothers  & 
Co.’s  New  Banking  House,  59  Wall  Street. 


B.  J.  BURNETT. 


UK'VfcHSiii  ur  ILLINOIS 


TESTIMONIALS. 


New  York,  July  18,  1866. 

Mr.  B.  J.  Burnett,  Novelty  Iron  Works,  New  York : 

Dear  Sir  : — It  gives  me  much  pleasure  to  state  that  your  “  Patent  Ventilator,” 
applied  to  my  residence  at  Bye,  has  given  entire  satisfaction.  The  attic  rooms 
during  the  recent  unusually  warm  weather  have  been  more  cool  than  those  on  the 
second  floor. 

Yours  very  truly, 

t  W.  E.  EVEBETT. 


Office  of  the  Novelty  Iron  Works,  ) 

New  York,  July  11,  1866.  J 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

Dear  Sir  : — In  answer  to  your  enquiry  as  to  results  received  from  the  Ventila¬ 
tor  put  up  by  you  at  my  house  at  Mount  Vernon,  I  cheerfully  comply  by  stating 
that  the  rooms  (particularly  the  sleeping  apartments)  were,  before  the  introduction 
of  it,  very  close  and  warm,  and  are  now  quite  pleasant  and  cool. 

I  am,  truly  yours, 

WILLIAM  HATHAWAY. 


Office  of  the  Novelty  Iron  Works,) 

New  York,  July  3,  1866.  j 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

My  dear  Sir  : — I  have  used  two  of  your  Ventilators  on  my  house  with  great 
success  ,*  the  rooms  in  which  I  put  them  are  greatly  cooler  in  hot  weather  than 
they  ever  were  before,  and  our  attic,  which  we  could  not  use  before  with  any  com¬ 
fort,  is  now  a  very  comfortable  place. 

I  am  sure  it  is  the  most  perfect  mode  of  ventilating  possible. 

Yours, 

J.  W.  STBATTON. 


New  York,  January  18,  1865. 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

Sir  : — Your  Ventilators,  as  put  up  on  the  Novelty  Yard  smith-shop,  during  the 
winter  of  1863  and  1864,  in  a  practical  point  of  view  exceed  my  expectations. 

I  find  a  constant  current  of  fresh  air  is,  at  all  times,  flowing  in  the  shop,  while 
at  the  same  time  an  equal  quantity  of  the  noxious  gases  is  escaping. 

I  would  most  cheerfully  commend  your  invaluable  Ventilators  to  all  parties  de¬ 
siring  such  an  improvement.  JOSEPH  DALLY, 

Eoreman  Smith-shop,  Novelty  Iron-works. 


Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  January  21,  1865. 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

Sir  : — I  had  a  good  opportunity,  during  the  summer  of  1864,  of  testing  the 
merits  of  your  Ventilator,  as  applied  to  the  cooling  of  rooms  situated  under  a  flat 
metal  roof,  and  can  say  that  I  was  highly  pleased  with  the  results. 

Dormitories  hitherto  very  uncomfortable,  on  account  of  the  hot  air  between  the 
roof  and  the  ceiling,  were  rendered  quite  agreeable  during  the  heat  of  the  day,  and 
at  night  the  temperature  was  much  lower  than  ever  before.  I  think  that  you  have 
discovered  the  true  principle  for  a  Ventilator,  and  am  confident  that  its  application 
will  give  general  satisfaction. 

Yours,  very  truly, 

WILLIAM  HOWE, 


LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


* 


BURNETT’S 

COMBINATION  VENTILATOR. 


My  system  of  ventilating  is  based  upon  this  law,  namely,  that 
when  a  given  surface  is  presented  at  right  angles  to  the  out-door 
current  of  air,  as  the  obstructed  current  accumulates  power  to  force 
a  passage  over  the  top  and  around  each  side,  it  causes  a  tendency 
to  a  partial  vacuum  on  the  leeward  side  of  the  obstruction.  The 
result  is  that,  whatever  pressure  there  may  be  against  the  wind¬ 
ward  side,  there  is  the  same  amount  of  force  exerted  in  a  draft  on 
the  leeward  side  of  the  same.  In  order  to  take  advantage  of  this 
law,  I  construct  a  ventilator  which  presents  openings  to  the  out¬ 
door  current  of  air,  provided  with  a  roof  and  deflectors  each  way 
to  deflect  and  turn  the  current  down  through  the  windward  pipes, 
or  air  shafts,  into  the  cold-air  reservoir  (or  direct  down  to  the  place 
to  be  ventilated)  ;  and  as  the  deflecting  arrangement  is  the  same  all 
around  the  head  of  the  ventilator  (which  is  formed  of  five  or  more 
air  shafts  neatly  cased  in),  the  same  arrangement  for  deflecting  the 
air  in  and  down  the  air  shafts  on  the  windward  side  tends  to  in¬ 
crease  the  draft  up  and  out  of  the  leeward  air  shafts,  which  gives 
a  constant  exchange  of  pure  air  for  impure.  From  the  working  of 
the  above  we  are  able,  by  a  new  and  unerring,  but  simple  device, 
to  renew  the  air  in  every  room,  pantry,  and  water-closet  in  a  dwell¬ 
ing  house,  from  one  ventilator  on  the  roof.  The  ventilator  may  ex¬ 
tend  above  the  roof  from  three  to  six  feet,  either  plain  or  orna¬ 
mented,  to  harmonize  with  the  architecture  of  the  building,  com- 


posed  of  from  five  to  eight  air  shafts  of  sufficient  area  to  give  an 
ample  supply  of  air  to  each  apartment  to  he  ventilated.  The  aiif 
shafts  pass  down  through  the  roof  into  and  through  the  warm-air 
chamber,  ending  just  below  the  ceiling  of  the  cold-air  chamber; 
The  above-named  chambers  are  required  to  be  from  four  to  eight 
feet  square  in  the  clear,  eight  feet  or  more  in  height,  extending  from 
the  roof  down  to  the  upper  floor  of  the  building,  and  divided  in  itt4 
height  about  thirty  inches  below  the  roof.  The  upper  part  I  call 
the  warm-air  chamber,  and  the  lower  the  cold-air  chamber.  The 
outward  half  of  the  air  shafts  in  the  warm  chamber,  about  twenty- 
four  inches  in  height,  is  cut  and  bent  out  at  right  angles  to  each 
other,  and  circular  conical  flanges  inserted  and  riveted  horizontally 
from  one  angular  part  of  the  pipe  to  the  other,  about  three  inches 
above  each  other.  The  inner  edge' of  the  flange,  which  is  the  low¬ 
est,  forms  a  circle  and  leaves  the  same  area  as  the  air  shafts  above 
and  below.  Thus  the  outer  side  of  the  air  shaft  in  the  warm-air 
chamber  is  open,  except  such  divisions  as  the  circular  conical  flanges 
form,  which  act  as  deflectors  to  the  descending  current  of  cold  air, 
and  prevent  it  from  diffusing  with  the  warm  air  in  the  chamber, 
as  it  passes  down  into  the  cold-air  chamber.  The  results  of  this 
combination  are  as  follows  : 

First .  The  windward  air  shafts,  by  means  of  the  deflectors  at 
the  head,  are  continually  filled  with  a  descending  current  of  pure 
air  (of  more  than  double  the  velocity  of  the  out-door  current),  which 
passes  direct  through  the  warm  chamber  into  the  cold  chamber. 
The  force  of  this  descending  current  increases  the  pressure  in  this 
chamber  above  the  atmospheric  pressure  in  the  apartment  below. 
This  fact  gives  force  and  velocity  of  current  through  the  distrib¬ 
uting  pipes  from  the  bottom  of  the  cold-air  chamber  to  the  rooms 
below. 

Second .  In  the  leeward  air  shafts  and  warm  chamber,  the  above 
is  simply  reversed  in  every  particular,  and  to  the  same  amount. 
The  draft  up  and  out  at  the  leeward  side  of  the  ventilator  is  sup¬ 
plied  through  the  upper  conical  flanges  in  the  warm  chamber, 


3 


which  reduces  the  pressure  in  this  chamber  below  the  atmospheric 
pressure  in  the  rooms  to  be  ventilated ;  and  this  fact  gives  a  con¬ 
stant  draft  to  the  pipes  from  the  rooms  below  to  the  warm  cham¬ 
ber,  and  through  the  circular  conical  flanges  into  the  leeward  air 
shafts,  and  out  at  the  head ;  and  so  an  infallible  renewal  of  air  in 
each  apartment  connected  with  these  two  chambers  is  constantly 
kept  up,  independent  of  any  difference  of  temperature. 

But  I  am  told  we  cannot  depend  upon  the  natural  out-door  cur¬ 
rent  of  air  for  ventilation,  there  being  so  many  days  when  there  is 
no  wind.  I  have,  therefore,  during  the  last  eight  years,  bestowed 
some  thought  and  not  a  little  care  to  ascertain  if  such  is  the  fact, 
and  I  have  never  yet  found  a.  time  of  fifteen  minutes’  duration 
when  the  air  did  not  move  over  fifty  feet  per  minute;  and  should 
there  be  such  a  calm  for  ten  hours  each  day,  and  the  air  shaft  in 
my  ventilator  were  only  one  foot  in  area,  and  but  two  of  them  to 
the  windward,  by  my  system  of  ventilation  we  should  distribute 
6000  cubic  feet  of  pure  air  throughout  the  building  per  hour,  and 
of  course  remove  the  same  amount  of  the  impure. 

B.  J.  BURNETT, 

Novelty  Ikon  Wokks,  New  Yokk. 


4 

4*''*  • 

J 


THE  usa;. 

Of  THE 

UNiVth&if  i  ur  \LUm 


TESTIMONIALS. 


New  York,  July  18, 1806. 

Mr.  B.  J.  Burnett,  Novelty  Iron  Works,  New  York  : 

Bear  Sir  :  It  gives  me  much  pleasure  to  state  that  your  “  Patent  Ventilator,”  applied  to  my 
residence  at  Rye,  has  given  entire  satisfaction.  The  attic  rooms  during  the  recent  unusually  warm 
weather  have  "been  more  cool  than  those  on  the  second  floor. 

Yours  very  truly,  AY.  E.  EVERETT. 

Office  of  the  Novelty  Iron  Works,  $ 
New  York,  July  11,  1866.  ( 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

Bear  Sir:  In  answer  to  your  inquiry  as  to  results  received  from  the  Ventilator  put  up  by 
you  at  my  house  at  Mount  Vernon,  I  cheerfully  comply  hy  stating  that  the  rooms  (particularly 
the  sleeping  apartments)  were,  before  the  introduction  of  it,  very  close  and  warm,  and  are  now 
quite  pleasant  and  cool.  I  am,  truly  yours, 

WILLIAM  HATHAWAY. 


Office  of  the  Novelty  Iron  Works,  ) 
New  York,  July  3, 1866.  ] 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

My  Bear  Sir:  I  have  used  two  of  your  Ventilators  on  my  house  with  great  success ;  the 
rooms  in  which  I  put  them  are  greatly  cooler  in  hot  weather  than  they  ever  were  before,  and  our 
attic,  which  we  could  not  use  before  with  any  comfort,  is  now  a  very  comfortable  place. 

I  am  sure  it  is  the  most  perfect  mode  of  ventilating  possible. 

Yours,  J.  W.  STRATTON. 

New  York,  January  18,  1865. 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

Sir:  Your  Ventilators,  as  put  up  on  the  Novelty  Yard  smith  shop,  during  the  winter  of  1863 
and  1864,  in  a  practical  point  of  view  exceed  my  expectations. 

I  find  a  constant  current  of  fresh  air  is,  at  all  times,  flowing  in  the  shop,  while  at  the  same 
time  an  equal  quantity  of  the  noxious  gases  is  escaping. 

I  would  most  cheerfully  commend  your  invaluable  Ventilators  to  all  parties  desiring  such  an 
improvement.  JOSEPH  BALLY, 

Foreman  Smith  Shop,  Novelty  Iron  Works. 

Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  January  21,  1865. 

B.  J.  Burnett,  Esq.  : 

Sir  :  I  had  a  good  opportunity,  during  the  summer  of  1864,  of  testing  the  merits  of  your  Venti¬ 
lator,  as  applied  to  the  cooling  of  rooms  situated  under  a  flat  metal  roof,  and  can  say  that  I  was 
highly  pleased  with  the  results. 

Bormitories  hitherto  very  uncomfortable,  on  account  of  the  hot  air  between  the  roof  and  the 
ceiling,  were  rendered  quite  agreeable  during  the  heat  of  the  day,  and  at  night  the  temperature 
was  much  lower  than  ever  before.  I  think  that  you  have  discovered  the  true  principle  for  a 
Ventilator,  and  am  confident  that  its  application  will  give  general  satisfaction. 

Yours,  very  truly,  WILLIAM  HOWE, 


. 


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